玉米新品种展示结果丰产性与适应性分析

分析结果表明 ,全省不同试点间生产水平存在着极显著差异 ,品种间差异小于试点间差异 ,但还存在着极显著差异。其中DH330 3丰产性好、适应性强 ,豫玉 2 2、农大 36 8适合于在高水肥条件下种植 ,中单 94 0 9、中单 12 3在瘠薄条件下种植能获得较高产量     

108国道凉山境雅攀高速公路路堑高边坡稳定性分析与设计

以１０８国道凉山境高速公路Ｖｂ合同段为例,针对高边坡的复杂地质条件,采用传递系数法和毕晓普法进行稳定性分析,从而不同的高边坡采用不同的防护设计。     

Genetic variation in a Norwegian germplasm collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Phenotypic (r_p), genotypic (r_g), genotype × location (r_gl) and error (r_e)correlations for important agronomic characters were estimated for eleven Norwegian populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), originating from between 58^°52′N and 69^°30′N latitude, and from altitudes of 10 to 450 m a.s.l. The populations were evaluated in monoculture clonal field plots for two years at two locations in Norway. All pairwise correlations between foliage height, leaflet length, dry matter yield (DMY) and general performance were positive and significant. Winter survival was positively correlated with general performance, spring growth and DMY, but negatively associated with internode length, while seed yield showed a small positive genotypic correlation with foliage height. Considerable differences were, however, revealed among populations with regard to sign and magnitude of the estimated correlations. Within-population estimates of r_g were consistently positive between DMY, general performance and most other characters; between foliage height on the one hand and leaflet length, winter survival and seed yield on the other hand, and between internode length and leaflet length, indicating pleiotropy. Correlations involving other character-combinations varied substantially among populations, and imply presence of linkage and/or coadaptation. Path coefficient analysis was used to partition the genotypic correlations between some of the characters into direct and indirect effects. Path coefficients revealed that foliage height had the highest positive direct effect on DMY, followed by winter survival and internode length. Leaflet length, which showed a positive, significant simple correlation with DMY, exhibited a negligible direct influence, counterbalanced nearly completely by the positive indirect effect on DMY via foliage height. Positive indirect effects on DMY via foliage height were also found for winter survival and internode length. The coastal populations from North and Middle Norway, and a southern highland population showed the largest expected responses to phenotypic selection for most of the characters. The results demonstrate that there is enough genetic variation in adapted local populations to develop new improved cultivars adapted to high-latitude environments that combine upright growth habit with sufficient winter-hardiness and persistency. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

杨树人工林冠层光合辐射分布的研究

通过对集约经营与粗放经营杨树人工林冠层上部,下部太阳总辐射和光合有效辐射（ＰＡＲ）的实测数据进行分析,建立了其相互转换的关系方程;研究了ＰＡＲ的日、季变化特征;根据Ｂｅｅｒ－Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ方程,结合林分生长季内的叶面积动态及林冠各层次的叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）,计算出生长季内各天的消光系数（Ｋ）及任一时刻冠层内不同深度的光分布,并对ＰＡＲ的透过率与林分消光系数Ｋ及累积叶面积指数之间的相互关系进行了研究     

CO_2浓度增加对C_3、C_4作物生理特性影响的实验研究

通过对 C3小麦、大豆、大白菜和 C4 玉米在不同 CO2 浓度 ( 350× 10 -5、 50 0× 10 -6、 60 0×10 -6、 70 0× 10 -6)条件下的生长模拟实验和生理特性研究表明 ,CO2 浓度增加 ,促使作物光合速率增长 ,光合时间略有延长 ,光补偿点明显下降 ,蒸腾系数减小 ,叶气温差增大 ,叶温升高。 70 0× 10 -6和50 0× 10 -6比 350× 10 -6小麦光合速率分别增长 30 .7%和 11.7% ,大豆增长 63.4 %和 4 2 .7% ,大白菜增长 68.0 %和 39.0 % ,玉米增长 15.7%和 4 .7% ,C3作物比 C4 反应明显 ;蒸腾系数小麦下降 14.3%和 7.7% ,大白菜下降 2 7.1%和 2 3.1% ,玉米下降 16.8%和 10 .4 %     

泵诱导轮理论与设计

对诱导轮设计的两个重要性能参数－－流量系数和扬程进行了理论分析和研究,提出了诱导轮的关键几何参数的确定方法及其设计步骤。具体设计实例的实验结果表明,文中提出的设计方法既能改善泵的汽蚀性能,又能保证泵的效率不受影响。     

Effect of density of trees on drag exerted on trees in river channels

Recently, riparian forests have attracted attention as they are effective for ecological preservation and landscape enhancement. Uses of such forests in flood prevention, sediment control, and erosion control works have been actively promoted. This study aims to clarify the effect of density of riparian trees on drag exerted on trees along river channels under the regime of bed load transport. Hydraulic model experiments were performed using a straight channel, and the methods to calculate the drag coefficient necessary for deriving drag exerted on trees were studied. Previous studies have stated that the drag coefficient of a cylinder is fairly constant when Reynolds number,R _e, is between 10³ and 10⁵ (e.g., Schlichting, 1979). This study clarified, however, that in cases of relatively dense arrangements of model trees (cylinders), the drag coefficient varies greatly with the density of the trees. As such, correlation between the drag coefficient and Reynolds number was found to be slight. Test results indicated that the drag coefficient of trees,C _d, correlates strongly with the coefficient of velocity,U′/U _* ′, friction factor of the channel bed,f′, and roughness concentration of trees × flow depth,aH′ or ratio of the area occupied by trees,λ. Furthermore, the drag coefficient,C _d, was also found to be slightly correlated with the gradient of the channel bed,I. Equations using either of the following parameters were obtained for deriving the drag coefficient,C _d, based on the experiment results:aH′; λ; U′/U _* ′; and Froude numberF _r. These equations allow fairly accurate calculation of drag exerted on trees.     

天山北坡平原区水面蒸发的实验研究

本文以新疆地勘局昌吉地下水均衡试验场２０ｍ６３水面蒸发池水面蒸发量及常规气象观测资料为基础,应用灰色关联分析方法分析了各气象要素对水面蒸发量的影响程度,给出了Ｅ６０１蒸发四和Φ２０蒸发器水面蒸发折算系数,建立了计算水面蒸发量的经验公式。     

喷微灌灌水技术特性参数研究

本文分析了研究节水灌溉技术特性参数的必要性,证明了正态分布下均匀系数 Ｃｕ 与变差系数 Ｃｖ 的关系,分析了采用图形效率 Ｅｐ 表示灌水均匀性的优点,对生产有一定的指导作用。     

南极Fildes半岛成土过程中主要元素的行为

Nine horizon samples of three soil profiles representative of Dystri-gelic Cambisol, Fibri-gelic Histosol and Relic Ornithosol were taken from Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, South Shetland Islands to quantitatively demonstrate the enrichment, migration and loss of the elements (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, Na and P) in soil horizons and their behaviour within profiles by application of the enrichment coefficient calculated in terms of the abundance of Ti. Six horizon samples of 4 other profiles randomly taken from the studied area were examined for calculation of the redistributing enrichment coefficient, which was applied for a better understanding of the element redistribution between soil and clay fraction along with soil development. The results showed that the enrichment, migration and redistribution of the elements varied strongly among the investigated soils and horizons, due to the differences of weathering degrees and moisture status, influences of sea bird activities, etc.